Чем аудит информационной безопасности отличается от аудита ИТ-инфраструктуры?

Границей вопроса. Аудит ИТ-инфраструктуры отвечает, насколько ландшафт работоспособен, управляем и не избыточен: архитектура, мощности, дубли систем, стоимость владения. Аудит информационной безопасности берёт тот же ландшафт и спрашивает, где он не выдержит нарушителя и где расходится с требованиями. На практике эти работы удобно делать одним проходом: инвентаризация у них общая, различаются критерии оценки.

Что такое пентест и когда он действительно нужен?

Пентест - тестирование на проникновение, то есть проверка реализуемости конкретного сценария атаки по согласованной области и правилам. Он оправдан, когда базовый порядок уже наведён и открытым остаётся вопрос «а получится ли на самом деле»: перед выводом публичного сервиса, после крупной переделки периметра, по требованию контракта или регулярно для критичных внешних систем. До наведения порядка он возвращает длинный список без приоритета.

Пентест или сканер уязвимостей?

Это не альтернативы. Сканер дёшев, работает постоянно и находит известные дефекты по базе - его место в регулярном процессе. Пентест дорог, разовый и отвечает на вопрос про цепочку: как несколько по отдельности некритичных находок складываются в реальный путь внутрь. Компании, у которой нет ни того ни другого, начинать выгоднее со сканирования и разграничения доступов.

Как часто проводить оценку защищённости?

Ориентир для внешнего периметра - раз в 6-12 месяцев и дополнительно после каждого существенного изменения: новый публичный сервис, смена подрядчика с доступом, миграция инфраструктуры, крупная переделка интеграций. Оценка, сделанная один раз и не повторённая, описывает инфраструктуру, которой уже нет.

Что нужно от нас, чтобы начать?

Перечень систем и владельцев, доступ к схемам и конфигурациям в объёме согласованной области, контакт от ИТ и от бизнеса. Список недопустимых событий мы обычно собираем вместе на первой встрече - готовым он есть у немногих.

Как это связано с требованиями 152-ФЗ?

Напрямую: модель угроз и уровень защищённости ИСПДн опираются на ту же инвентаризацию и ту же модель нарушителя. Если задача не в общей оценке, а именно в приведении систем персональных данных в порядок, эта работа описана отдельно - соответствие 152-ФЗ и защита ИСПДн.

IT Infrastructure Audit: Security and Performance Evaluation

Benefits of an IT audit for your business

Why an IT infrastructure audit makes processes faster, simpler, and more reliable
Complete technical picture - you get an objective assessment of the entire IT environment - from architecture to vulnerabilities, including weak spots that internal teams do not detect
Greater stability and security - we eliminate vulnerabilities, strengthen redundancy and optimize IT resources.
Improved fault tolerance and protection of critical business services
Actionable optimization plan - you don't just learn about problems - you get a prioritized roadmap with justified costs and their impact on business metrics
Compliance with standards and regulations - the audit helps align your system with ISO 27001, GDPR, GDPR and internal policies.
Regulatory risk and the risk of fines decrease

Efficiency and growth in one solution

Simplicity, reliability, and growth We conduct an objective assessment of your IT environment: identify risks, evaluate reliability, and provide specific recommendations for infrastructure optimization. The solution includes:
We conduct a full audit of IT systems, configurations, security policies, and more.
We identify bottlenecks, vulnerabilities, and technical debt
We develop recommendations and a prioritized optimization plan. Business results:
A clear understanding of the real state of IT and its risks
Improved system resilience and security
Eliminating losses, speeding up services, and reducing costs

We will study your processes and propose a ready-to-use implementation plan

Solutions without unnecessary complexity - from idea and analysis to result

We consult - we discuss goals and objectives, define priorities and the expected results of our joint work

We analyze your processes - we study current processes and approaches, identify growth points and determine which solution will deliver a tangible result

We plan the solution rollout - we discuss goals and objectives, define priorities and the expected results of our joint work

We launch and support - we implement the solution, train your team and provide support so the solution delivers tangible value

We conduct IT audits with practitioners, not theorists

Real implementation experience: we identify issues, build a plan, and support execution. We rely on experience in retail, logistics, and real estate development 100% of the infrastructure is included in the analysis scope 7+ risk categories are recorded in the report 1-2 weeks from request to recommendations 90% of incidents are resolved based on the audit

Security Assessment: How It Differs from an IT Audit

"Information security audit," "security assessment," and "penetration testing" are often used as synonyms in conversation, but in practice they are three different services with different costs and outcomes.

An audit answers the question of how things are built and where they do not match requirements: architecture, configurations, access segregation, update policy, and procedures. A security assessment adds a check of how this setup holds up against specific attacker scenarios. Penetration testing, or pentest, checks whether the scenario is actually feasible: can an intruder get in within the agreed scope and rules. Red Team goes further and tests not the system, but the team: whether they notice it, how quickly, and what they do.

The sequence is not cosmetic. A pentest on infrastructure where unacceptable events are undefined and access is not properly separated produces a predictable result: a long report and no priorities. It is cheaper to get the map first and remove the obvious issues, then place the external check where it answers an open question.

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Security Assessment Path and Failure Modes

Scope -> assets -> attacker model -> verification -> report -> retest

Area

Boundaries and Unacceptable Eventswhich systems are included in the assessment, what the business considers unacceptable

Assets

Attack surfaceexternal services, dashboards, APIs, test environments, contractor access

Attacker

Threat and Attacker Modelbased on the 2021 FSTEC of CIS methodology, not a generic list from the internet

Verification

Security Assessment and Scenariosconfigurations, access rights, updates, integrations; pentest if needed

Report

Priority and ownersbusiness impact, responsible team, roadmap placement

Control

Recheck of closed issuesconfirmation that the issue has truly been fixed

Failure 1 - scope not defined The report includes what is easy to check, not what is critical to the business. The result is a hundred findings with no priority and no owners.
Failure 2 - unacceptable events not described Defects are ranked on a single scale, not by damage. A medium-severity defect in billing turns out to be more dangerous than a critical issue in the internal wiki, but it looks less urgent.
Failure 3 - verification without an attacker model They test the external perimeter and ignore a contractor with VPN access and administrator rights, even though that is a shorter and more likely path inside
Failure 4 - report without owners Findings are not tied to teams or releases. Six months later, the next contractor arrives and produces the same list.
Failure 5 - no retest was done No one knows whether the defect is actually fixed or only closed in the ticket. The security check turns into a simulation of security checking.

Penetration testing is one step in the process, not a replacement for it. Without a defined scope and threat model, a pentest returns a list of findings, but not an answer to what should be fixed first.

What is included in a security assessment

The scope of work is tailored to your infrastructure and to what the business considers unacceptable. Below are the blocks it usually consists of.

Boundaries and Unacceptable Events

We define which systems are included in the assessment and which events the business considers unacceptable. Then each discovered weakness is evaluated against this list, not an abstract severity scale.

Attack surface

We collect everything that is actually exposed externally: domains and services, admin panels, API, mobile clients, forgotten test environments, and contractor access. This list is usually broader than the IT team expects.

Threat and Attacker Model

We describe attackers and threat realization methods based on the FSTEC of CIS guidance document "Methodology for Assessing Information Security Threats" from 2021, not on a universal checklist.

Security Assessment of Configurations and Access Rights

We check privilege separation, service accounts and former employee accounts, update policy, environment separation, and secret storage in code and CI. This is where most low-cost fixes are found.

Integration architecture review

We look at what flows between systems: where data is transmitted without encryption, where a service trusts a neighbor without verification, and where compromising one node opens adjacent environments. This is our core specialty.

Penetration testing

Where an external check is needed, the pentest is carried out within an agreed scope, window, and rules. We handle setup, scenarios, and result analysis; the work itself is performed by a specialized team, and if needed, by an organization licensed by the FSTEC of CIS.

Report with Priorities and Owners

Each item gets a business impact rating, a responsible team, and a place on the roadmap. The document ends with a work plan, not a list of findings.

Boundaries: What We Do Not Do

We do not operate as an MSSP or a 24/7 SOC and do not replace the customer's security team: a security assessment is a project with a start and an end, not an ongoing retainer.
We do not certify systems or issue compliance conclusions: that is the work of an organization licensed by the FSTEC of CIS for technical protection of confidential information.
We do not perform work outside the agreed scope or without written rules: any testing is limited by perimeter, time window, and list of prohibited actions.
We do not deliver conclusions that cannot be verified: each item includes how it was obtained so your team can reproduce the check independently.
We do not end the work with a report: the result is a prioritized roadmap and a retest of what has been closed.

FAQ about IT audits and security assessments

Sources

FSTEC of CIS, methodological document "Information Security Threat Assessment Methodology," approved on 05.02.2021: fstec.ru/dokumenty/vse-dokumenty/spetsialnye-normativnye-dokumenty/metodicheskij-dokument-ot-5-fevralya-2021-g
Order of the FSTEC of CIS No. 21 dated 18.02.2013 - composition and content of measures to ensure personal data security in personal data information systems: fstec.ru/dokumenty/vse-dokumenty/prikazy/prikaz-fstek-rossii-ot-18-fevralya-2013-g-n-21
Source check date: 13.08.2026

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Comprehensive IT infrastructure audit for security assessment

Benefits of an IT audit for your business

Efficiency and growth in one solution

We will study your processes and propose a ready-to-use implementation plan

We conduct IT audits with practitioners, not theorists